The primary chemicals responsible for kratom's effects are alkaloids called mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine. These alkaloids interact with specific receptors in the body, but in a different way than traditional pharmaceuticals. This interaction is what gives kratom its discomfort-relieving, mood-enhancing, and stimulating properties. Mitragynine is the more abundant of the two alkaloids and is generally responsible for kratom's stimulating effects at lower doses. On the other hand, 7-hydroxymitragynine, while present in smaller amounts, is more potent and contributes to the plant's analgesic and sedative effects at higher doses. It's important to note that kratom contains more than 40 alkaloids, and these compounds can vary in concentration depending on factors like the plant's age, location, and harvest time. This variation can lead to differences in the effects experienced when consuming kratom.

Kava is unique due to its calming effects, achieved through the kavalactones found in its roots, which promote relaxation without impairing mental clarity. It holds significant cultural importance in Pacific Island communities and is often used in ceremonies and social gatherings. Kava is a non-alcoholic beverage, offering an alternative means of relaxation and socialization without the effects of alcohol.